There are various other quality systems for the automotive industry around the world. They are ISO/TS 16949, VDA 6.1 (Germany), EAQF 94 (France) and AVSQ 94 (Italy). Heinloth in his study found that more than 20,000 suppliers are registered to these standards except ISO/TS 16949 (Heinloth, 2000). Table I shows the registration status for the QS 9000, VDA and ISO/TS 16949. ISO/TS 16949 harmonised different automotive standards around the world such as VDA, AVSQ, EAQF and QS 9000, and it is based on the 20 elements in ISO 9000 (http://www.transition-support.com/TS16949.htm). It was first released in March 1999 and it has many requirements similar to QS 9000, such as business plan, measurement system analysis, continuous improvement, production part approval process, failure mode and effect
analysis, use of cross-functional team and soon. VDA is the association of German Automotive Industry which includes Audi, Mercedes, BMW and Volkswagen. The first edition of VDA 6.1 was published in 1991 and the latest version was released in January 1999. VDA 6.1 is divided into two parts: Part M with seven management elements and Part P with 16 product and process elements. Part M covers similar clauses to QS 9000 and has extra elements of financial considerations of quality systems, product safety and employees’ satisfaction. Part P has two new elements when compared to QS 9000; process planning and quality in servicing, after sales and market feedback
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